A Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC) tear involves damage to the soft tissues on the outer side of the wrist, which stabilize and support the wrist and forearm. The TFCC consists of ligaments, tendons, and cartilage that act as a cushion between the bones in the wrist, particularly between the ulna and radius. TFCC injuries often occur due to trauma, such as falls on an outstretched hand or repetitive wrist motions.
TFCC (Triangular Fibrocartilaginous Complex) Tear:
What is TFCC?
The Triangular Fibrocartilaginous Complex (TFCC) is a group of ligaments and cartilage that connect the radius and ulna bones in the wrist, providing stability and support.
Components of TFCC are-
- Radioulnar ligaments
- Articular Disc
- Meniscus homologoue
- Ulnar collateral ligament
- Dorsal and Palmar Radioulnar ligaments
Functions —
- Stabilises distal radio ulnar joint
- supports wrist range of movements
- acts as an shock absorber in the wrist joint
- maintains forearm rotation functions
Types of TFCC Tears:
- Traumatic: Caused by injury or fall
- Degenerative: Wear and tear over time
- Chronic: Repetitive strain or overuse
Classification:
- Palmer’s Classification:
- Class 1: Traumatic tears
- Class 2: Degenerative tears
- Atzei’s Classification:
- Grade 1: Minimal tear
- Grade 2: Moderate tear
- Grade 3: Severe tear
Symptoms:
- Wrist pain or tenderness
- Limited wrist mobility
- Clicking or snapping sensation
- Weakness or instability
- Swelling or bruising
Diagnosis:
- Physical examination
- Imaging tests (X-ray, MRI, CT scan)
Treatment:
Conservative:
- Rest and immobilization
- Physical therapy
- Pain management (medication, injections)
- Activity modification
Surgical:
- Arthroscopic repair- best method
- Open repair
- Reconstruction
Rehabilitation:
- Immobilization (4-6 weeks)
- Physical therapy (6-12 weeks)
- Strengthening exercises
- Gradual return to activities
Complications:
- Instability
- Arthritis
- Chronic pain
- Limited wrist mobility
